According to them Religion was either blind obedience, or a kind of knowledge which contained truth of an inferior order. Debeer said, “These were intellectuals in their methods, like their Greek predecessors, and consequently regarded the doctrines of Religion as merely the products of the conception of fancy or even caprice of the law givers. But the religious problem he comprehended much more profoundly than did the philosophers of his time. He abandoned the attempt to understand this world. His philosophy is an expression of his own personality. Kitab-ul-Wajiz (a hand book of Fiqah, canon law)Īl-Ghazali is undoubtedly an outstanding and remarkable political scholar in Islam. Iqtisad Fil-I’tiqad (Moderation in Belief)Ĩ. Sirr-ul-Alamain (The Mystery of the Two Worlds)ĥ.ğatihat-ul-Ulum (Introduction to Sciences)Ħ.
Munqidh Min ad-Dalal (Deliverance from Waywardness)Ģ.
Principle political works of Al-Ghazali are as follows:ġ. A beautifully complete and rounded life in which the end comes back to the beginning. His closing years were chiefly devoted to pious contemplation and the study of the Traditions, which as a youth he could never remember. He died in Tus on 19th of December, 1111. Al-Ghazali remained in fretful years because of state politics which took a serious turn. Sherwani said, “Baghdad did not see very much of Ghazali and it seems that deep thought, coupled with murder of his patron Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi and the death of Malik Shah in 1092, all these things had a tremendous effect on his psychology.”įor about ten years, in the period of utter disillusionment, Al-Ghazali extensively traveled here and there to imbibe wisdom and intellect from every source, dividing his time between pious exercises and literary work. His mind continually in a state of doubt, probably found no satisfaction in dogmatic predictions. In 1095, he had discontinued his work of teaching in Baghdad. He left behind indelible impressions because of his immortal works and philosophical-cum-political doctrines which have still influence upon this modern age. There have been many philosophers and scholars in Islam and other religions, but the distinct caliber of one of great philosophers ushered a unique era of knowledge of his age. He was the intellectual adviser and chief canonist till 1091 when he was formally appointed to the great foundation of Baghdad.Īl-Ghazali was aptly considered a mujaddid and reckoned at par with the four Imams.
Al-Ghazali won great fame and prominence because his philosophical doctrines and consequently as a great sage of the age, he was called to the court of Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi while still in his twenties. He was accepted first as the pupil and the assistant by the Imam. He was educated at Tus proper in the early years of his career and later on he shifted to Jurjan, and then finally migrated to Nishapur to imbibe wisdom and philosophy by sitting at the feet of perhaps the most versatile genius of his time, Abul-Maali Muhammad al-Juwaini Imam-ul-Haramain, who was invited back from Hijaz to preside over one of the great colleges founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi. He is one of the greatest and distinguished original philosophers not only in the history of Muslim philosophy but also in the history of human thought. Abu Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ahmad, surnamed al-Imam-ul-Jalilm, Hujjat-ul-Islam and Zainuddin, was born at Ghazzalah near Tus in 1058.
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